arXiv cs.AI· Praveenbalaji Rajendran, Mojtaba Safari, Wenfeng He, Mingzhe Hu, Shansong Wang, Jun Zhou, Xiaofeng Yang·· 4 小时前AI 评分34
医学图像分析中的基础模型：系统综述与荟萃分析
Foundation Models in Medical Image Analysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AI 导读
一篇发表于 Medical Image Analysis 的系统综述系统梳理了医学图像分析中的基础模型（FM），将其分为视觉基础模型（VFM）与视觉-语言基础模型（VLFM）两类。综述对数据集使用趋势、应用领域及池化性能进行了定量与亚组分析，并讨论跨域泛化、计算可扩展性、评估、公平性与部署等挑战，最后指出提升鲁棒性、可解释性与临床整合的未来方向。
正文 · 原文
Abstract:Recent advancements in foundation models (FMs) have catalyzed a paradigm shift in medical image analysis. Unlike traditional task-specific artificial intelligence (AI) models, FMs leverage large-scale datasets to learn generalized representations that can be adapted to downstream clinical applications. Despite the rapid proliferation of FM research in medical imaging, there is a lack of unified synthesis that systematically maps the evolution of architectures, training paradigms, and clinical applications across modalities. To address this gap, this review provides a comprehensive and structured synthesis of FMs in medical image analysis by systematically organizing studies into two primary categories: vision-only foundation models (VFMs) and vision-language foundation models (VLFMs), based on their architectural foundations, training strategies, and downstream clinical tasks. A quantitative analysis was conducted on both VFMs and VLFMs to characterize temporal trends in dataset utilization and application domains, along with pooled performance and subgroup analyses. We also critically discuss persistent challenges, including cross-domain generalization, computational scalability, FM evaluation, fairness, and deployment. Finally, we identify key future research directions aimed at enhancing the robustness, interpretability, and clinical integration of FMs, thereby accelerating their translation into real-world medical practice.
| Subjects: | Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Medical Physics (physics.med-ph) |
| Cite as: | arXiv:2510.16973 [cs.CV] |
| (or arXiv:2510.16973v2 [cs.CV] for this version) | |
| https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2510.16973 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite |
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| Journal reference: | Medical Image Analysis 115 (2027) 104293 |
| Related DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2026.104293
DOI(s) linking to related resources |
Submission history
From: Praveenbalaji Rajendran [view email]
[v1]
Sun, 19 Oct 2025 19:19:23 UTC (2,985 KB)
[v2]
Mon, 26 Oct 2026 13:35:45 UTC (2,861 KB)
来源：arXiv cs.AI · arxiv.org