TempShap：时间序列预测中特征何时重要、重要多少的细粒度 Shapley 归因框架

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Abstract:Attribution for a time-series forecaster should answer two questions that a feature-level scalar cannot: when in the input window a feature acts, and how much its influence changes across the forecast horizon. Most existing Shapley explainers treat each feature as one player and therefore collapse both axes. We propose TempShap, a retrospective, loss-based Shapley framework whose players are the individual input cells $(t,i)$. Its attribution tensor yields temporal-localization and horizon-impact profiles. We validate these against planted temporal structures, a tractable exact cell game, and a closed-form attribution oracle for a real linear forecaster. Permutation sharing estimates the cell-level game at localized perturbation cost. Under redundant inputs, one-at-a-time scores under-credit substitutable information, whereas the signed Shapley decomposition preserves total value and yields more reliable held-out deletion rankings under mean masking. A planted counterexample isolates the redundancy mechanism. Experiments show a deletion-ranking advantage across Shapley estimators, forecasting benchmarks, and model families. TempShap therefore makes fine-grained Shapley attribution both practical and operationally useful.

Submission history

From: Chi Zhao [view email]
[v1] Fri, 23 Oct 2026 22:08:16 UTC (250 KB)