无证书即无断言：面向公共机器言语的 Brouwer 式可断言性约束
No Certificate, No Categorical Speech Act: A Brouwerian Assertibility Constraint for Public Reason
AI 导读
Michael Jülich 在 arXiv 论文中提出受 Brouwer 启发的负责任 AI 可断言性约束：高风险领域中系统只有在能提供可公开检验、可争议的权利证书时才可断言或否定命题，否则必须返回 Undetermined。
正文 · 原文
Abstract:Generative AI can convert uncertainty into authoritative-seeming verdicts, displacing the justificatory work on which democratic epistemic agency depends. As a corrective, I propose a Brouwer-inspired assertibility constraint for responsible AI: in high-stakes domains, systems may assert or deny claims only if they can provide a publicly inspectable and contestable certificate of entitlement; otherwise they must return Undetermined. This constraint yields a three-status interface semantics (Asserted, Denied, Undetermined) whose statuses mark entitlement to categorical speech rather than truth values of the underlying world-claim. The framework distinguishes internal entitlement from public standing while connecting them through the certificate as a boundary object. Philosophically, it develops a form of applied intuitionism: resistance to unwarranted completeness becomes a norm of public machine speech, under which categorical commitment requires exhibited and contestable entitlement. I operationalize the constraint through structured certificates, decision-layer gates for threshold and argmax predicates, and a reason-coded output contract. A design lemma shows that, under a refutation-soundness condition on the contractually specified negative side, certificate-sound binary totality presupposes witnessed decidability on the declared scope. Under the proposed normative output contract, Undetermined is not a tunable reject option but a mandatory status whenever the available certificates do not uniquely license assertion or denial. By making outputs answerable to contestable warrants rather than confidence alone, the paper aims to preserve epistemic agency where automated speech enters public justification.
| Comments: | 36 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, supplementary appendix |
| Subjects: | Computers and Society (cs.CY); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Machine Learning (cs.LG); Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO) |
| Cite as: | arXiv:2603.03971 [cs.CY] |
| (or arXiv:2603.03971v5 [cs.CY] for this version) | |
| https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.03971 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite |
Submission history
From: Michael Jülich [view email]
[v1]
Wed, 4 Mar 2026 12:14:21 UTC (86 KB)
[v2]
Sat, 9 May 2026 12:33:34 UTC (87 KB)
[v3]
Tue, 23 Jun 2026 12:58:42 UTC (89 KB)
[v4]
Mon, 20 Jul 2026 14:18:37 UTC (517 KB)
[v5]
Thu, 29 Oct 2026 08:37:40 UTC (520 KB)
来源：arXiv cs.AI · arxiv.org